Hydraulics of free overfall in steeply sloping rough rectangular channel: A general computational approach

All supercritical free overfalls were almost considered as frictionless flow or pseudo-uniform flow before, the effect of friction had not been paid due attention. Currently, a new mathematical model is proposed to analyze supercritical rectangular free overfall by Boussinesq-type energy equation accounting for frictional effect. A computational approach of loop iteration algorithm is utilized to simultaneously calculate the implicit water surface profile by Runge-Kutta method, end-depth-ratio, and discharge. Subsequently, the dependency of discharge on end depth and Nikuradse equivalent sand roughness for different slope is illustrated. Comparison of computed results with experimental observations reveals satisfactory agreement. Additionally, the present energy approach leads to more accurate results than the momentum method for high roughness. Finally, to aid application for engineers, an explicit solution of discharge for practical application in the commonly using range is also proposed. The most important purpose of this study is to present a general computational approach, which could be used for the rough supercritical free overfalls of any other cross-sections.     

Decomposition and replacement: Spatial knowledge distillation for monocular depth estimation

Knowledge distillation has become a key technique for making smart and light-weight networks through model compression and transfer learning. Unlike previous methods that applied knowledge distillation to the classification task, we propose to exploit the decomposition-and-replacement based distillation scheme for depth estimation from a single RGB color image. To do this, Laplacian pyramid-based knowledge distillation is firstly presented in this paper. The key idea of the proposed method is to transfer the rich knowledge of the scene depth, which is well encoded through the teacher network, to the student network in a structured way by decomposing it into the global context and local details. This is fairly desirable for the student network to restore the depth layout more accurately with limited resources. Moreover, we also propose a new guidance concept for knowledge distillation, so-called ReplaceBlock, which replaces blocks randomly selected in the decoded feature of the student network with those of the teacher network. Our ReplaceBlock gives a smoothing effect in learning the feature distribution of the teacher network by considering the spatial contiguity in the feature space. This process is also helpful to clearly restore the depth layout without the significant computational cost. Based on various experimental results on benchmark datasets, the effectiveness of our distillation scheme for monocular depth estimation is demonstrated in details. The code and model are publicly available at : https://github.com/tjqansthd/Lap_Rep_KD_Depth.     

电子探针面分析法测定钢的脱碳层深度

提出钢表层脱碳层深度测定的一种新方法,即电子探针面分析法。对热轧态高碳工具钢75Cr1、淬火齿轮钢20CrMnTi、冷轧退火低碳车厢板SH1100钢3个典型钢种完成脱碳层深度的测定试验,结果表明:对于珠光体-铁素体型中高碳钢的脱碳层深度测定,金相法测定值是电子探针面分析法测定值的77%左右;对于淬回火钢的脱碳层深度测定,电子探针面分析法的测量精度在10 μm以下,约是显微硬度法测量精度的十分之一;对于脱碳层深度不易准确测定的低碳钢,电子探针面分析法通过较大区域范围的平均碳含量变化曲线来测定脱碳层深度,测量结果准确。电子探针面分析法在脱碳层深度测定方面具有钢种组织状态不限、试样形状不限、数据统计性好、测量精度高、易操作等优势,可在业内大力推广。     

辽河油田齐28区块井深结构设计与研究

以辽河油田齐28区块地质特征为依据,以现代钻井工艺理论为准则,以现代计算技术最优化科学理论为手段,确定了合理的开发井参数并设计了有效技术措施。主要设计内容有合理的地层划分、井身结构设计、钻具组合设计等几个方面,为该区块钻井工程的后续设计和施工提供了技术支持。     

生物慢滤工艺不同深度净化景观水效果研究

生物慢滤工艺对COD、SCOD和浊度去除率分别可达到49%、46%和77%;对COD、SCOD和浊度,系统表层填料对COD、SCOD和浊度的去除贡献较大;在填料5 cm以下装置对有机物和浊度的去除曲线斜率基本一致。生物慢滤池对于TP和溶解性磷酸盐可达到70%以上;系统对总氮去除率一般只有18.0%~30.0%,对氨氮去除率可达33%~67%。沿不同深度,磷和总氮的去除率基本呈不断增大的趋势;而氨氮的去除率呈现先增大后减小的规律。     

高速条件下硅橡胶可磨耗性的研究

研究了在测试硅橡胶可磨耗性过程中,高速条件下进给深度、进给速率和叶尖线速度对硅橡胶可磨耗性的影响。结果表明,硅橡胶在不同试验条件下有不同的磨损形貌和磨屑形态;进给深度对硅橡胶的可磨耗性影响较小;但进给速率和叶尖线速度对硅橡胶的可磨耗性影响较大。当叶尖线速度为100 m/s、进给深度为1 000μm时,在小于50μm/s的进给速率下,磨损形貌呈明显刮痕,磨屑为粉末状;在50～400μm/s的进给速率下,呈刮痕和沙丘纹的综合形貌,磨屑呈粉末状和搓泥状;当进给速率为100μm/s、进给深度为1 000μm时,叶尖线速度不超过150 m/s时,磨损形貌为刮痕和沙丘纹,磨屑为粉末状和搓泥状;当叶尖线速度不低于175 m/s时,出现鱼鳞状倒刺的粗糙磨损形貌,且随着线速度的增加,磨屑的冲击能量奕大。     

有机硅防护剂对铝酸盐水泥砂浆防护性能的影响

采用接触角测试仪、红外光谱(FTIR)仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征和分析了有机硅烷涂覆量对铝酸盐水泥砂浆防护性能的影响规律.结果表明:采用1次涂覆方式时,铝酸盐水泥砂浆试件的吸水率随有机硅烷涂覆量的增加先降低后趋于稳定,吸水率均降低90%以上,符合规范要求;铝酸盐水泥砂浆试件接触角随有机硅烷涂覆量的增加先增大后减小,试件表面由亲水性变为疏水性,当有机硅烷涂覆量为250g/m~2时砂浆试件接触角达142.66°;有机硅烷渗透深度随涂覆量的增加先增加后减少,当有机硅烷涂覆量为250g/m~2时其渗透深度可达10.73mm.机理分析表明,有机硅烷与铝酸盐水泥砂浆只是在毛细孔内壁发生了水解缩合反应,形成了网状硅氧烷憎水膜层,并未形成新的物质.     

基于PSO-GRNN模型的埋地管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测

目的 构建埋地管道腐蚀深度预测模型,预测腐蚀管道的剩余使用寿命。方法 依据ASME B31G剩余强度评价标准,给出管道的最大允许腐蚀深度计算方法,引入广义回归神经网络（GRNN）,构建埋地管道腐蚀深度预测模型,采用粒子群算法（PSO）优化GRNN的网络参数,结合管道腐蚀发展趋势预测方法,对埋地薄弱管道进行腐蚀剩余寿命预测。以陕西省某埋地输油管道为例,选取8个主要外腐蚀因素,构建外腐蚀指标体系,借助Pycharm编程仿真,结合埋片试验,对该模型预测结果进行验证分析,并预测各腐蚀管段剩余使用寿命。结果 与BP模型相比,PSO-GRNN模型的管道腐蚀深度预测结果最大相对误差控制在13.77%以内,平均相对误差仅为6.63%。寿命预测结果显示,部分管段的剩余使用寿命未能达到其预期服役寿命。结论 所建模型预测性能要明显优于BP模型,预测精度更高,能够较好地预测埋地管道的最大腐蚀深度和未来的腐蚀发展规律,剩余寿命预测结果贴近实际,为管道的维修和更换提供了指导依据,在实际工程中,具有一定的应用价值。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌效果的理论研究

基于前人提出的垃圾填埋场渗滤波渗流模型，通过试验初步提出了评价回灌效果的指标和回灌有效期的概念，并分别考察了回灌水质、渗流参数及填埋深度对渗滤液中污染物浓度、微生物浓度和垃圾土中有机质溶解及降解的影响。分析结果表明，回灌能促进渗滤液中COD浓度的降低并加快垃圾土中有机质的降解；提高垃圾土的溶解速度，有利于减少垃圾土的有机质含量，同时不影响COD浓度的稳定；在相同回灌水质下，填埋越深则回灌的效果越不明显。     

火灾后混凝土结构损伤检测方法的探讨

分析了混凝土受火损伤的特点,对近年来国内外关于混凝土受火损伤检测方法的研究进行了综述,对各种方法的特点及发展趋势进行了探讨,在此基础上提出了改进火灾后混凝土损伤检测精度的几点建议。